A 1967 essay by Roland Barthes.
Barthes's essay argues against traditional literary criticism's practice of relying on the intentions and biography of an author to definitively explain the "ultimate meaning" of a text.
Instead, the essay emphasizes the primacy of each individual reader's interpretation of the work over any "definitive" meaning intended by the author, a process in which subtle or unnoticed characteristics may be drawn out for new insight.
Caravaggio, Saint Jerome Writing, c. 1605 (detail)
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Jerome_Writing-Caravaggio_%281605-6%29.jpg
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